diff --git a/Libraries/LibWeb/CMakeLists.txt b/Libraries/LibWeb/CMakeLists.txt
index 5996c6032db..ec17aadcb82 100644
--- a/Libraries/LibWeb/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/Libraries/LibWeb/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -264,6 +264,7 @@ set(SOURCES
     CSS/StyleValues/GridTemplateAreaStyleValue.cpp
     CSS/StyleValues/GridTrackPlacementStyleValue.cpp
     CSS/StyleValues/GridTrackSizeListStyleValue.cpp
+    CSS/StyleValues/ImageSetStyleValue.cpp
     CSS/StyleValues/ImageStyleValue.cpp
     CSS/StyleValues/IntegerStyleValue.cpp
     CSS/StyleValues/KeywordStyleValue.cpp
diff --git a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/ArbitrarySubstitutionFunctions.cpp b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/ArbitrarySubstitutionFunctions.cpp
index 53f07329aef..7bec61ce527 100644
--- a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/ArbitrarySubstitutionFunctions.cpp
+++ b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/ArbitrarySubstitutionFunctions.cpp
@@ -85,6 +85,22 @@ bool contains_guaranteed_invalid_value(Vector<ComponentValue> const& values)
     return false;
 }
 
+static bool contains_attr_tainted_value(Vector<ComponentValue> const& values)
+{
+    for (auto const& value : values) {
+        if (value.contains_attr_tainted_value())
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+static Vector<ComponentValue> mark_as_attr_tainted(Vector<ComponentValue> values)
+{
+    for (auto& value : values)
+        value.set_attr_tainted();
+    return values;
+}
+
 // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-5/#replace-an-attr-function
 static Vector<ComponentValue> replace_an_attr_function(DOM::AbstractElement& element, GuardedSubstitutionContexts& guarded_contexts, ArbitrarySubstitutionFunctionArguments const& arguments)
 {
@@ -218,7 +234,7 @@ static Vector<ComponentValue> replace_an_attr_function(DOM::AbstractElement& ele
         });
     if (return_from_step_4) {
         if (step_4_result.has_value())
-            return step_4_result.release_value();
+            return mark_as_attr_tainted(step_4_result.release_value());
         return failure();
     }
 
@@ -228,7 +244,7 @@ static Vector<ComponentValue> replace_an_attr_function(DOM::AbstractElement& ele
             [](Empty) { return true; },
             [](RawStringKeyword) { return true; },
             [](auto&) { return false; })) {
-        return { Token::create_string(*attribute_value) };
+        return mark_as_attr_tainted({ Token::create_string(*attribute_value) });
     }
 
     // 6. Substitute arbitrary substitution functions in attr value, with «"attribute", attr name» as the substitution
@@ -242,7 +258,7 @@ static Vector<ComponentValue> replace_an_attr_function(DOM::AbstractElement& ele
     auto parsed_value = parse_with_a_syntax(ParsingParams { element.document() }, substituted_values, *syntax.get<NonnullOwnPtr<SyntaxNode>>());
     if (parsed_value->is_guaranteed_invalid())
         return failure();
-    return parsed_value->tokenize();
+    return mark_as_attr_tainted(parsed_value->tokenize());
 
     // 7. FAILURE:
     // NB: Step 7 is a lambda defined at the top of the function.
@@ -317,6 +333,7 @@ static Vector<ComponentValue> replace_an_if_function(DOM::AbstractElement& eleme
         // 1. Substitute arbitrary substitution functions in the first <declaration-value> of branch, then parse the
         //    result as an <if-condition>. If parsing returns failure, continue; otherwise, let the result be condition.
         auto substituted_condition = substitute_arbitrary_substitution_functions(element, guarded_contexts, branch.condition);
+        auto condition_is_attr_tainted = contains_attr_tainted_value(substituted_condition);
 
         TokenStream<ComponentValue> tokens { substituted_condition };
         auto maybe_parsed_if_condition = parser.parse_if_condition(tokens);
@@ -339,7 +356,10 @@ static Vector<ComponentValue> replace_an_if_function(DOM::AbstractElement& eleme
         if (!branch.value.has_value())
             return {};
 
-        return substitute_arbitrary_substitution_functions(element, guarded_contexts, branch.value.value());
+        auto result = substitute_arbitrary_substitution_functions(element, guarded_contexts, branch.value.value());
+        if (condition_is_attr_tainted)
+            return mark_as_attr_tainted(move(result));
+        return result;
     }
 
     // 2. Return nothing (an empty sequence of component values).
diff --git a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/ComponentValue.cpp b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/ComponentValue.cpp
index 5d8dfd5ce97..1a6866c485a 100644
--- a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/ComponentValue.cpp
+++ b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/ComponentValue.cpp
@@ -106,4 +106,28 @@ bool ComponentValue::contains_guaranteed_invalid_value() const
         });
 }
 
+bool ComponentValue::contains_attr_tainted_value() const
+{
+    if (m_attr_tainted)
+        return true;
+
+    return m_value.visit(
+        [](Token const&) {
+            return false;
+        },
+        [](SimpleBlock const& block) {
+            return block.value
+                .first_matching([](auto const& it) { return it.contains_attr_tainted_value(); })
+                .has_value();
+        },
+        [](Function const& function) {
+            return function.value
+                .first_matching([](auto const& it) { return it.contains_attr_tainted_value(); })
+                .has_value();
+        },
+        [](GuaranteedInvalidValue const&) {
+            return false;
+        });
+}
+
 }
diff --git a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/ComponentValue.h b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/ComponentValue.h
index 9a4454a3427..f2e70ab0833 100644
--- a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/ComponentValue.h
+++ b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/ComponentValue.h
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ public:
 
     bool is_guaranteed_invalid() const { return m_value.has<GuaranteedInvalidValue>(); }
     bool contains_guaranteed_invalid_value() const;
+    bool contains_attr_tainted_value() const;
+    void set_attr_tainted() { m_attr_tainted = true; }
 
     String to_string() const;
     String to_debug_string() const;
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
     Variant<Token, Function, SimpleBlock, GuaranteedInvalidValue> m_value;
+    bool m_attr_tainted { false };
 };
 
 }
diff --git a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/Parser.h b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/Parser.h
index af6c056c2d6..e4ae5884e1f 100644
--- a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/Parser.h
+++ b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/Parser.h
@@ -427,7 +427,13 @@ private:
     RefPtr<StyleValue const> parse_rect_value(TokenStream<ComponentValue>&);
     RefPtr<StyleValue const> parse_ratio_value(TokenStream<ComponentValue>&);
     RefPtr<StringStyleValue const> parse_string_value(TokenStream<ComponentValue>&);
+    enum class AllowImageSet {
+        No,
+        Yes,
+    };
     RefPtr<AbstractImageStyleValue const> parse_image_value(TokenStream<ComponentValue>&);
+    RefPtr<AbstractImageStyleValue const> parse_image_value(TokenStream<ComponentValue>&, AllowImageSet);
+    RefPtr<ImageSetStyleValue const> parse_image_set_function(TokenStream<ComponentValue>&);
     RefPtr<StyleValue const> parse_paint_value(TokenStream<ComponentValue>&);
     enum class PositionParsingMode {
         Normal,
diff --git a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/ValueParsing.cpp b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/ValueParsing.cpp
index f67affe2676..afa1fc386b6 100644
--- a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/ValueParsing.cpp
+++ b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/Parser/ValueParsing.cpp
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 #include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/GridTrackPlacementStyleValue.h>
 #include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/GridTrackSizeListStyleValue.h>
 #include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/GuaranteedInvalidStyleValue.h>
+#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/ImageSetStyleValue.h>
 #include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/ImageStyleValue.h>
 #include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/IntegerStyleValue.h>
 #include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/KeywordStyleValue.h>
@@ -2674,6 +2675,92 @@ RefPtr<StringStyleValue const> Parser::parse_string_value(TokenStream<ComponentV
 }
 
 RefPtr<AbstractImageStyleValue const> Parser::parse_image_value(TokenStream<ComponentValue>& tokens)
+{
+    return parse_image_value(tokens, AllowImageSet::Yes);
+}
+
+RefPtr<ImageSetStyleValue const> Parser::parse_image_set_function(TokenStream<ComponentValue>& tokens)
+{
+    tokens.discard_whitespace();
+    auto const& function_token = tokens.next_token();
+    if (!function_token.is_function("image-set"sv) && !function_token.is_function("-webkit-image-set"sv))
+        return nullptr;
+
+    auto transaction = tokens.begin_transaction();
+    auto const& function = tokens.consume_a_token().function();
+    TokenStream function_tokens { function.value };
+    auto image_set_options_tokens = parse_a_comma_separated_list_of_component_values(function_tokens);
+    function_tokens.discard_whitespace();
+    if (!function_tokens.is_empty())
+        return nullptr;
+
+    Vector<ImageSetStyleValue::Option> options;
+    options.ensure_capacity(image_set_options_tokens.size());
+    for (auto const& option_tokens_list : image_set_options_tokens) {
+        if (option_tokens_list.first_matching([](auto const& component_value) { return component_value.contains_attr_tainted_value(); }).has_value())
+            return nullptr;
+
+        TokenStream option_tokens { option_tokens_list };
+        option_tokens.discard_whitespace();
+
+        RefPtr<AbstractImageStyleValue const> image;
+        if (option_tokens.next_token().is(Token::Type::String)) {
+            auto url = URL { option_tokens.consume_a_token().token().string().to_string() };
+            image = ImageStyleValue::create(url);
+        } else {
+            image = parse_image_value(option_tokens, AllowImageSet::No);
+        }
+        if (!image)
+            return nullptr;
+
+        RefPtr<StyleValue const> resolution;
+        Optional<String> type;
+        while (true) {
+            option_tokens.discard_whitespace();
+            if (option_tokens.is_empty())
+                break;
+
+            if (!resolution) {
+                if (auto parsed_resolution = parse_resolution_value(option_tokens, infinite_range)) {
+                    resolution = parsed_resolution;
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!type.has_value() && option_tokens.next_token().is_function("type"sv)) {
+                auto const& type_function = option_tokens.consume_a_token().function();
+                TokenStream type_tokens { type_function.value };
+                type_tokens.discard_whitespace();
+                if (!type_tokens.next_token().is(Token::Type::String))
+                    return nullptr;
+                type = type_tokens.consume_a_token().token().string().to_string();
+                type_tokens.discard_whitespace();
+                if (!type_tokens.is_empty())
+                    return nullptr;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        if (!resolution)
+            resolution = ResolutionStyleValue::create(Resolution { 1, ResolutionUnit::X });
+
+        options.unchecked_append({
+            .image = image.release_nonnull(),
+            .resolution = resolution.release_nonnull(),
+            .type = move(type),
+        });
+    }
+
+    if (options.is_empty())
+        return nullptr;
+
+    transaction.commit();
+    return ImageSetStyleValue::create(move(options));
+}
+
+RefPtr<AbstractImageStyleValue const> Parser::parse_image_value(TokenStream<ComponentValue>& tokens, AllowImageSet allow_image_set)
 {
     tokens.mark();
     auto url = parse_url_function(tokens);
@@ -2690,6 +2777,11 @@ RefPtr<AbstractImageStyleValue const> Parser::parse_image_value(TokenStream<Comp
     }
     tokens.discard_a_mark();
 
+    if (allow_image_set == AllowImageSet::Yes) {
+        if (auto image_set = parse_image_set_function(tokens))
+            return image_set;
+    }
+
     if (auto linear_gradient = parse_linear_gradient_function(tokens))
         return linear_gradient;
 
diff --git a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/AbstractImageStyleValue.cpp b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/AbstractImageStyleValue.cpp
index 481e707e1d5..d5ba508343b 100644
--- a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/AbstractImageStyleValue.cpp
+++ b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/AbstractImageStyleValue.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include "AbstractImageStyleValue.h"
 #include <LibWeb/CSS/CSSImageValue.h>
+#include <LibWeb/Layout/Node.h>
 
 namespace Web::CSS {
 
@@ -16,6 +17,11 @@ GC::Ref<CSSStyleValue> AbstractImageStyleValue::reify(JS::Realm& realm, FlyStrin
     return CSSImageValue::create(realm, *this);
 }
 
+void AbstractImageStyleValue::load_any_resources(Layout::NodeWithStyle const& layout_node)
+{
+    load_any_resources(const_cast<DOM::Document&>(layout_node.document()));
+}
+
 ColorStopListElement ColorStopListElement::absolutized(ComputationContext const& context) const
 {
     auto absolutize_if_nonnull = [&context](RefPtr<StyleValue const> const& input) -> RefPtr<StyleValue const> {
diff --git a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/AbstractImageStyleValue.h b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/AbstractImageStyleValue.h
index 99b714cf40f..0771ac4bca4 100644
--- a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/AbstractImageStyleValue.h
+++ b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/AbstractImageStyleValue.h
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     virtual void load_any_resources(DOM::Document&) { }
+    virtual void load_any_resources(Layout::NodeWithStyle const&);
     virtual void resolve_for_size(Layout::NodeWithStyle const&, CSSPixelSize) const { }
 
     virtual bool is_paintable() const = 0;
diff --git a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/ImageSetStyleValue.cpp b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/ImageSetStyleValue.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..edc2ba790cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/ImageSetStyleValue.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026-present, the Ladybird developers.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ */
+
+#include <LibWeb/CSS/CSSStyleSheet.h>
+#include <LibWeb/CSS/Resolution.h>
+#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/CalculatedStyleValue.h>
+#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/ImageSetStyleValue.h>
+#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/ResolutionStyleValue.h>
+#include <LibWeb/DOM/AbstractElement.h>
+#include <LibWeb/DOM/Document.h>
+#include <LibWeb/DOM/Element.h>
+#include <LibWeb/HTML/SupportedImageTypes.h>
+#include <LibWeb/Layout/Node.h>
+#include <LibWeb/Page/Page.h>
+#include <LibWeb/Painting/DisplayListRecordingContext.h>
+
+namespace Web::CSS {
+
+ValueComparingNonnullRefPtr<ImageSetStyleValue const> ImageSetStyleValue::create(Vector<Option> options)
+{
+    return adopt_ref(*new (nothrow) ImageSetStyleValue(move(options)));
+}
+
+ImageSetStyleValue::ImageSetStyleValue(Vector<Option> options)
+    : AbstractImageStyleValue(Type::ImageSet)
+    , m_options(move(options))
+{
+}
+
+static Optional<double> option_resolution_in_dppx(ImageSetStyleValue::Option const& option, Optional<CalculationResolutionContext> const& calculation_resolution_context)
+{
+    if (option.resolution->is_resolution())
+        return option.resolution->as_resolution().resolution().to_dots_per_pixel();
+    if (option.resolution->is_calculated()) {
+        auto resolution = option.resolution->as_calculated().resolve_resolution(calculation_resolution_context.value_or({}));
+        if (resolution.has_value())
+            return resolution->to_dots_per_pixel();
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+AbstractImageStyleValue const* ImageSetStyleValue::select_image(double device_pixels_per_css_pixel, Optional<CalculationResolutionContext> const& calculation_resolution_context) const
+{
+    ImageSetStyleValue::Option const* best_below_or_equal = nullptr;
+    Optional<double> best_below_or_equal_resolution;
+    ImageSetStyleValue::Option const* best_above = nullptr;
+    Optional<double> best_above_resolution;
+
+    for (auto const& option : m_options) {
+        if (option.type.has_value() && !HTML::is_supported_image_type(*option.type))
+            continue;
+
+        auto resolution = option_resolution_in_dppx(option, calculation_resolution_context);
+        if (!resolution.has_value())
+            continue;
+
+        if (*resolution >= device_pixels_per_css_pixel) {
+            if (!best_above_resolution.has_value() || *resolution < *best_above_resolution) {
+                best_above = &option;
+                best_above_resolution = *resolution;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (!best_below_or_equal_resolution.has_value() || *resolution > *best_below_or_equal_resolution) {
+            best_below_or_equal = &option;
+            best_below_or_equal_resolution = *resolution;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (best_above)
+        return best_above->image.ptr();
+    if (best_below_or_equal)
+        return best_below_or_equal->image.ptr();
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+void ImageSetStyleValue::visit_edges(JS::Cell::Visitor& visitor) const
+{
+    Base::visit_edges(visitor);
+    visitor.visit(m_style_sheet);
+    for (auto const& option : m_options)
+        option.image->visit_edges(visitor);
+}
+
+void ImageSetStyleValue::serialize(StringBuilder& builder, SerializationMode mode) const
+{
+    builder.append("image-set("sv);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_options.size(); ++i) {
+        if (i > 0)
+            builder.append(", "sv);
+        auto const& option = m_options[i];
+        option.image->serialize(builder, mode);
+        builder.append(' ');
+        option.resolution->serialize(builder, mode);
+        if (option.type.has_value()) {
+            builder.append(" type(\""sv);
+            builder.append_escaped_for_json(*option.type);
+            builder.append("\")"sv);
+        }
+    }
+    builder.append(')');
+}
+
+bool ImageSetStyleValue::equals(StyleValue const& other) const
+{
+    if (type() != other.type())
+        return false;
+    auto const& other_image_set = other.as_image_set();
+    if (m_options.size() != other_image_set.m_options.size())
+        return false;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_options.size(); ++i) {
+        auto const& option = m_options[i];
+        auto const& other_option = other_image_set.m_options[i];
+        if (!option.image->equals(*other_option.image))
+            return false;
+        if (!option.resolution->equals(*other_option.resolution))
+            return false;
+        if (option.type != other_option.type)
+            return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ImageSetStyleValue::is_computationally_independent() const
+{
+    for (auto const& option : m_options) {
+        if (!option.image->is_computationally_independent())
+            return false;
+        if (!option.resolution->is_computationally_independent())
+            return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void ImageSetStyleValue::load_any_resources(DOM::Document& document)
+{
+    auto dpr = document.page().client().device_pixels_per_css_pixel();
+    if (auto const* image = select_image(dpr, {}); image && image != m_selected_image) {
+        const_cast<AbstractImageStyleValue&>(*image).set_style_sheet(m_style_sheet);
+        m_selected_image = image;
+    }
+    if (m_selected_image)
+        const_cast<AbstractImageStyleValue&>(*m_selected_image).load_any_resources(document);
+}
+
+void ImageSetStyleValue::load_any_resources(Layout::NodeWithStyle const& layout_node)
+{
+    update_selected_image_for_layout_node(layout_node);
+    if (m_selected_image)
+        const_cast<AbstractImageStyleValue&>(*m_selected_image).load_any_resources(const_cast<DOM::Document&>(layout_node.document()));
+}
+
+void ImageSetStyleValue::update_selected_image_for_layout_node(Layout::NodeWithStyle const& layout_node) const
+{
+    Optional<DOM::AbstractElement> abstract_element;
+    if (layout_node.is_generated_for_pseudo_element()) {
+        if (auto const* pseudo_element_generator = layout_node.pseudo_element_generator())
+            abstract_element = DOM::AbstractElement { *pseudo_element_generator, layout_node.generated_for_pseudo_element() };
+    } else if (auto const* dom_node = layout_node.dom_node(); dom_node && dom_node->is_element()) {
+        abstract_element = DOM::AbstractElement { static_cast<DOM::Element const&>(*dom_node) };
+    }
+
+    auto context = CalculationResolutionContext {
+        .length_resolution_context = Length::ResolutionContext::for_layout_node(layout_node),
+        .abstract_element = abstract_element,
+    };
+    auto dpr = layout_node.document().page().client().device_pixels_per_css_pixel();
+
+    if (auto const* image = select_image(dpr, context); image && image != m_selected_image) {
+        const_cast<AbstractImageStyleValue&>(*image).set_style_sheet(m_style_sheet);
+        m_selected_image = image;
+    }
+}
+
+Optional<CSSPixels> ImageSetStyleValue::natural_width() const
+{
+    if (m_selected_image)
+        return m_selected_image->natural_width();
+    return {};
+}
+
+Optional<CSSPixels> ImageSetStyleValue::natural_height() const
+{
+    if (m_selected_image)
+        return m_selected_image->natural_height();
+    return {};
+}
+
+Optional<CSSPixelFraction> ImageSetStyleValue::natural_aspect_ratio() const
+{
+    if (m_selected_image)
+        return m_selected_image->natural_aspect_ratio();
+    return {};
+}
+
+void ImageSetStyleValue::resolve_for_size(Layout::NodeWithStyle const& layout_node, CSSPixelSize size) const
+{
+    update_selected_image_for_layout_node(layout_node);
+    if (m_selected_image)
+        m_selected_image->resolve_for_size(layout_node, size);
+}
+
+bool ImageSetStyleValue::is_paintable() const
+{
+    if (m_selected_image)
+        return m_selected_image->is_paintable();
+    return false;
+}
+
+void ImageSetStyleValue::paint(DisplayListRecordingContext& context, DevicePixelRect const& dest_rect, ImageRendering image_rendering) const
+{
+    if (m_selected_image)
+        m_selected_image->paint(context, dest_rect, image_rendering);
+}
+
+Optional<Gfx::Color> ImageSetStyleValue::color_if_single_pixel_bitmap() const
+{
+    if (m_selected_image)
+        return m_selected_image->color_if_single_pixel_bitmap();
+    return {};
+}
+
+void ImageSetStyleValue::set_style_sheet(GC::Ptr<CSSStyleSheet> style_sheet)
+{
+    Base::set_style_sheet(style_sheet);
+    m_style_sheet = style_sheet;
+}
+
+ValueComparingNonnullRefPtr<StyleValue const> ImageSetStyleValue::absolutized(ComputationContext const& context) const
+{
+    Vector<Option> options;
+    options.ensure_capacity(m_options.size());
+    for (auto const& option : m_options) {
+        auto image = option.image->absolutized(context);
+        VERIFY(image->is_abstract_image());
+        options.unchecked_append({
+            .image = image->as_abstract_image(),
+            .resolution = option.resolution->absolutized(context),
+            .type = option.type,
+        });
+    }
+    return ImageSetStyleValue::create(move(options));
+}
+
+}
diff --git a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/ImageSetStyleValue.h b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/ImageSetStyleValue.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..824960f331a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/ImageSetStyleValue.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026-present, the Ladybird developers.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <AK/Optional.h>
+#include <AK/String.h>
+#include <AK/Vector.h>
+#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/AbstractImageStyleValue.h>
+
+namespace Web::CSS {
+
+class ImageSetStyleValue final : public AbstractImageStyleValue {
+    using Base = AbstractImageStyleValue;
+
+public:
+    struct Option {
+        NonnullRefPtr<AbstractImageStyleValue const> image;
+        NonnullRefPtr<StyleValue const> resolution;
+        Optional<String> type;
+    };
+
+    static ValueComparingNonnullRefPtr<ImageSetStyleValue const> create(Vector<Option>);
+    virtual ~ImageSetStyleValue() override = default;
+
+    virtual void visit_edges(JS::Cell::Visitor&) const override;
+
+    virtual void serialize(StringBuilder&, SerializationMode) const override;
+    virtual bool equals(StyleValue const& other) const override;
+    virtual bool is_computationally_independent() const override;
+
+    virtual void load_any_resources(DOM::Document&) override;
+    virtual void load_any_resources(Layout::NodeWithStyle const&) override;
+
+    virtual Optional<CSSPixels> natural_width() const override;
+    virtual Optional<CSSPixels> natural_height() const override;
+    virtual Optional<CSSPixelFraction> natural_aspect_ratio() const override;
+
+    virtual void resolve_for_size(Layout::NodeWithStyle const&, CSSPixelSize) const override;
+    virtual bool is_paintable() const override;
+    virtual void paint(DisplayListRecordingContext&, DevicePixelRect const&, ImageRendering) const override;
+    virtual Optional<Gfx::Color> color_if_single_pixel_bitmap() const override;
+
+private:
+    explicit ImageSetStyleValue(Vector<Option>);
+
+    virtual void set_style_sheet(GC::Ptr<CSSStyleSheet>) override;
+    virtual ValueComparingNonnullRefPtr<StyleValue const> absolutized(ComputationContext const&) const override;
+
+    AbstractImageStyleValue const* select_image(double device_pixels_per_css_pixel, Optional<CalculationResolutionContext> const&) const;
+    void update_selected_image_for_layout_node(Layout::NodeWithStyle const&) const;
+
+    Vector<Option> m_options;
+    GC::Ptr<CSSStyleSheet> m_style_sheet;
+    mutable AbstractImageStyleValue const* m_selected_image { nullptr };
+};
+
+}
diff --git a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/StyleValue.cpp b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/StyleValue.cpp
index 64abab73d51..afe698748f3 100644
--- a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/StyleValue.cpp
+++ b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/StyleValue.cpp
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 #include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/GridTrackPlacementStyleValue.h>
 #include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/GridTrackSizeListStyleValue.h>
 #include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/GuaranteedInvalidStyleValue.h>
+#include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/ImageSetStyleValue.h>
 #include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/ImageStyleValue.h>
 #include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/IntegerStyleValue.h>
 #include <LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/KeywordStyleValue.h>
diff --git a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/StyleValue.h b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/StyleValue.h
index 9d8cec8180f..6ededd3e9e5 100644
--- a/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/StyleValue.h
+++ b/Libraries/LibWeb/CSS/StyleValues/StyleValue.h
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ namespace Web::CSS {
     __ENUMERATE_CSS_STYLE_VALUE_TYPE(GridTrackSizeList, grid_track_size_list, GridTrackSizeListStyleValue)                     \
     __ENUMERATE_CSS_STYLE_VALUE_TYPE(GuaranteedInvalid, guaranteed_invalid, GuaranteedInvalidStyleValue)                       \
     __ENUMERATE_CSS_STYLE_VALUE_TYPE(Image, image, ImageStyleValue)                                                            \
+    __ENUMERATE_CSS_STYLE_VALUE_TYPE(ImageSet, image_set, ImageSetStyleValue)                                                  \
     __ENUMERATE_CSS_STYLE_VALUE_TYPE(Integer, integer, IntegerStyleValue)                                                      \
     __ENUMERATE_CSS_STYLE_VALUE_TYPE(Keyword, keyword, KeywordStyleValue)                                                      \
     __ENUMERATE_CSS_STYLE_VALUE_TYPE(Length, length, LengthStyleValue)                                                         \
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ public:
 
     bool is_abstract_image() const
     {
-        return AK::first_is_one_of(type(), Type::Image, Type::LinearGradient, Type::ConicGradient, Type::RadialGradient);
+        return AK::first_is_one_of(type(), Type::Image, Type::ImageSet, Type::LinearGradient, Type::ConicGradient, Type::RadialGradient);
     }
     AbstractImageStyleValue const& as_abstract_image() const;
     AbstractImageStyleValue& as_abstract_image() { return const_cast<AbstractImageStyleValue&>(const_cast<StyleValue const&>(*this).as_abstract_image()); }
diff --git a/Libraries/LibWeb/Forward.h b/Libraries/LibWeb/Forward.h
index fab75bb14d0..0166a2eb9f1 100644
--- a/Libraries/LibWeb/Forward.h
+++ b/Libraries/LibWeb/Forward.h
@@ -341,6 +341,7 @@ class GridTrackPlacementStyleValue;
 class GridTrackSizeList;
 class GridTrackSizeListStyleValue;
 class GuaranteedInvalidStyleValue;
+class ImageSetStyleValue;
 class ImageStyleValue;
 class IntegerStyleValue;
 class InvalidationSet;
diff --git a/Libraries/LibWeb/Layout/Node.cpp b/Libraries/LibWeb/Layout/Node.cpp
index 6b94ecf5234..1000b714666 100644
--- a/Libraries/LibWeb/Layout/Node.cpp
+++ b/Libraries/LibWeb/Layout/Node.cpp
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ void NodeWithStyle::apply_style(CSS::ComputedProperties const& computed_style)
     auto background_layers = computed_style.background_layers();
 
     for (auto const& layer : background_layers)
-        const_cast<CSS::AbstractImageStyleValue&>(*layer.background_image).load_any_resources(document());
+        const_cast<CSS::AbstractImageStyleValue&>(*layer.background_image).load_any_resources(*this);
 
     computed_values.set_background_layers(move(background_layers));
 
@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ void NodeWithStyle::apply_style(CSS::ComputedProperties const& computed_style)
     auto const& list_style_image = computed_style.property(CSS::PropertyID::ListStyleImage);
     if (list_style_image.is_abstract_image()) {
         m_list_style_image = list_style_image.as_abstract_image();
-        const_cast<CSS::AbstractImageStyleValue&>(*m_list_style_image).load_any_resources(document());
+        const_cast<CSS::AbstractImageStyleValue&>(*m_list_style_image).load_any_resources(*this);
     }
 
     computed_values.set_text_decoration_color(computed_style.color(CSS::PropertyID::TextDecorationColor, color_resolution_context));
@@ -871,7 +871,7 @@ void NodeWithStyle::apply_style(CSS::ComputedProperties const& computed_style)
     } else if (mask_image.is_abstract_image()) {
         auto const& abstract_image = mask_image.as_abstract_image();
         computed_values.set_mask_image(abstract_image);
-        const_cast<CSS::AbstractImageStyleValue&>(abstract_image).load_any_resources(document());
+        const_cast<CSS::AbstractImageStyleValue&>(abstract_image).load_any_resources(*this);
     }
 
     computed_values.set_mask_type(computed_style.mask_type());
diff --git a/Tests/LibWeb/Text/expected/wpt-import/css/css-images/image-set/image-set-parsing.txt b/Tests/LibWeb/Text/expected/wpt-import/css/css-images/image-set/image-set-parsing.txt
index 4d027ce5dec..198e8419ef7 100644
--- a/Tests/LibWeb/Text/expected/wpt-import/css/css-images/image-set/image-set-parsing.txt
+++ b/Tests/LibWeb/Text/expected/wpt-import/css/css-images/image-set/image-set-parsing.txt
@@ -2,26 +2,25 @@ Harness status: OK
 
 Found 144 tests
 
-48 Pass
-96 Fail
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(example.png) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(example.png) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set('example.jpg' 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set('example.jpg' 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(example.png) 1x, 'example.png' 2x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(example.png) 1x, 'example.png' 2x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(example.png) 1dpcm, 'example.png' 2x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(example.png) 1dpcm, 'example.png' 2x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set('example.jpeg' 222dpi, url(example.png) 3.5x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set('example.jpeg' 222dpi, url(example.png) 3.5x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['content'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['content'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['content'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x, \"example.png\" 3x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['content'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x, \"example.png\" 3x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['border-image-source'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['border-image-source'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['border-image-source'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x, \"example.png\" 3x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['border-image-source'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x, \"example.png\" 3x)" should set the property value
+144 Pass
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(example.png) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(example.png) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set('example.jpg' 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set('example.jpg' 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(example.png) 1x, 'example.png' 2x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(example.png) 1x, 'example.png' 2x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(example.png) 1dpcm, 'example.png' 2x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(example.png) 1dpcm, 'example.png' 2x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set('example.jpeg' 222dpi, url(example.png) 3.5x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set('example.jpeg' 222dpi, url(example.png) 3.5x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['content'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['content'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['content'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x, \"example.png\" 3x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['content'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x, \"example.png\" 3x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['border-image-source'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['border-image-source'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['border-image-source'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x, \"example.png\" 3x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['border-image-source'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x, \"example.png\" 3x)" should set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") -20x)" should not set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") -20x)" should not set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(none, url(example.png) 1x)" should not set the property value
@@ -34,44 +33,44 @@ Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(example.png) 1x url(example.jp
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(example.png) 1x url(example.jpeg))" should not set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(example.png) 1x 2x)" should not set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(example.png) 1x 2x)" should not set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(foo))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(foo))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(foo), url(bar) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(foo), url(bar) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(foo) 1x, url(bar))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(foo) 1x, url(bar))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(foo), url(bar))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(foo), url(bar))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(foo) 1x, url(bar), url(baz) 2x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(foo) 1x, url(bar), url(baz) 2x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(2x * 3))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(2x * 3))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1dppx)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1dppx)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dppx * 1))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dppx * 1))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1dpi)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1dpi)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(96dpi * 2))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(96dpi * 2))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1dpcm)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1dpcm)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dpcm * 96/2.54))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dpcm * 96/2.54))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x, url(\"example.png\") 2dppx, \"example.png\" 250dpi, \"example.png\" 1dpcm)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x, url(\"example.png\") 2dppx, \"example.png\" 250dpi, \"example.png\" 1dpcm)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['content'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1dpi)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['content'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1dpi)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['content'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1 * 96dpi))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['content'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1 * 96dpi))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dppx * sibling-index()))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dppx * sibling-index()))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dppx * sign(1em - 10px)))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dppx * sign(1em - 10px)))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dppx * sign(10px)))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dppx * sign(10px)))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(foo))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(foo))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(foo), url(bar) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(foo), url(bar) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(foo) 1x, url(bar))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(foo) 1x, url(bar))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(foo), url(bar))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(foo), url(bar))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(foo) 1x, url(bar), url(baz) 2x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(foo) 1x, url(bar), url(baz) 2x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(2x * 3))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(2x * 3))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1dppx)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1dppx)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dppx * 1))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dppx * 1))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1dpi)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1dpi)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(96dpi * 2))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(96dpi * 2))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1dpcm)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1dpcm)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dpcm * 96/2.54))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dpcm * 96/2.54))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x, url(\"example.png\") 2dppx, \"example.png\" 250dpi, \"example.png\" 1dpcm)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x, url(\"example.png\") 2dppx, \"example.png\" 250dpi, \"example.png\" 1dpcm)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['content'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1dpi)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['content'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1dpi)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['content'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1 * 96dpi))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['content'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1 * 96dpi))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dppx * sibling-index()))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dppx * sibling-index()))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dppx * sign(1em - 10px)))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dppx * sign(1em - 10px)))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dppx * sign(10px)))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1dppx * sign(10px)))" should set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1invalidResUnit)" should not set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1invalidResUnit)" should not set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(3 * 4))" should not set the property value
@@ -82,18 +81,18 @@ Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(2x - 1))
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(2x - 1))" should not set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1 + 4dpi))" should not set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1 + 4dpi))" should not set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 0x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 0x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 0dppx)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 0dppx)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 0dpi)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 0dpi)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 0dpcm)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 0dpcm)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(-1 * 1x))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(-1 * 1x))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1x + -1x))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1x + -1x))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 0x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 0x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 0dppx)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 0dppx)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 0dpi)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 0dpi)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 0dpcm)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 0dpcm)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(-1 * 1x))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(-1 * 1x))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1x + -1x))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") calc(1x + -1x))" should set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") -1x)" should not set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") -1x)" should not set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") -3dppx)" should not set the property value
@@ -102,36 +101,36 @@ Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") -96dpi)" shou
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") -96dpi)" should not set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") -113dpcm)" should not set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") -113dpcm)" should not set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(linear-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(linear-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(repeating-linear-gradient(red, blue 25%) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(repeating-linear-gradient(red, blue 25%) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(radial-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(radial-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(repeating-radial-gradient(red, blue 25%) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(repeating-radial-gradient(red, blue 25%) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(conic-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(conic-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(repeating-conic-gradient(red, blue 25%) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(repeating-conic-gradient(red, blue 25%) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['content'] = "image-set(linear-gradient(black, white) 1x, url(\"example.png\") 4x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['content'] = "-webkit-image-set(linear-gradient(black, white) 1x, url(\"example.png\") 4x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['content'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 192dpi, linear-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['content'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 192dpi, linear-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(linear-gradient(red) 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(linear-gradient(red) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(linear-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(linear-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(repeating-linear-gradient(red, blue 25%) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(repeating-linear-gradient(red, blue 25%) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(radial-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(radial-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(repeating-radial-gradient(red, blue 25%) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(repeating-radial-gradient(red, blue 25%) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(conic-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(conic-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(repeating-conic-gradient(red, blue 25%) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(repeating-conic-gradient(red, blue 25%) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['content'] = "image-set(linear-gradient(black, white) 1x, url(\"example.png\") 4x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['content'] = "-webkit-image-set(linear-gradient(black, white) 1x, url(\"example.png\") 4x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['content'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 192dpi, linear-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['content'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 192dpi, linear-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(linear-gradient(red) 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(linear-gradient(red) 1x)" should set the property value
 Pass	e.style['cursor'] = "image-set(linear-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should not set the property value
 Pass	e.style['cursor'] = "-webkit-image-set(linear-gradient(black, white) 1x)" should not set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x type(\"image/png\"))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x type(\"image/png\"))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(example.png) type('image/png'))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(example.png) type('image/png'))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(example.png) type('image/png') 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(example.png) type('image/png') 1x)" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(example.png) 1x type('image/jpeg'))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(example.png) 1x type('image/jpeg'))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"x\") 1x type(\"a\\\"\"))" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"x\") 1x type(\"a\\\"\"))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x type(\"image/png\"))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"example.png\") 1x type(\"image/png\"))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(example.png) type('image/png'))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(example.png) type('image/png'))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(example.png) type('image/png') 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(example.png) type('image/png') 1x)" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(example.png) 1x type('image/jpeg'))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(example.png) 1x type('image/jpeg'))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(\"x\") 1x type(\"a\\\"\"))" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(\"x\") 1x type(\"a\\\"\"))" should set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(example.png) type(image/png))" should not set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "-webkit-image-set(url(example.png) type(image/png))" should not set the property value
 Pass	e.style['background-image'] = "image-set(url(example.png) type('image/png') type('image/png'))" should not set the property value
diff --git a/Tests/LibWeb/Text/expected/wpt-import/css/css-ui/parsing/cursor-valid.txt b/Tests/LibWeb/Text/expected/wpt-import/css/css-ui/parsing/cursor-valid.txt
index 17b89f21c00..aab5ec895b1 100644
--- a/Tests/LibWeb/Text/expected/wpt-import/css/css-ui/parsing/cursor-valid.txt
+++ b/Tests/LibWeb/Text/expected/wpt-import/css/css-ui/parsing/cursor-valid.txt
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ Harness status: OK
 
 Found 42 tests
 
-40 Pass
-2 Fail
+42 Pass
 Pass	e.style['cursor'] = "auto" should set the property value
 Pass	e.style['cursor'] = "default" should set the property value
 Pass	e.style['cursor'] = "none" should set the property value
@@ -44,5 +43,5 @@ Pass	e.style['cursor'] = "url(\"https://example.com/\"), alias" should set the p
 Pass	e.style['cursor'] = "url(\"https://example.com/\") 1 calc(2 + 0), copy" should set the property value
 Pass	e.style['cursor'] = "url(\"https://example.com/\"), url(\"https://example.com/\") 3 -4, move" should set the property value
 Pass	e.style['cursor'] = "url(\"https://example.com/\") 5 6, grab" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['cursor'] = "image-set(\"https://example.com/\" 1x) 5 6, grab" should set the property value
-Fail	e.style['cursor'] = "image-set(\"https://example.com/\" 1x, \"https://example.com/highres\" 2x) 5 6, grab" should set the property value
\ No newline at end of file
+Pass	e.style['cursor'] = "image-set(\"https://example.com/\" 1x) 5 6, grab" should set the property value
+Pass	e.style['cursor'] = "image-set(\"https://example.com/\" 1x, \"https://example.com/highres\" 2x) 5 6, grab" should set the property value
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Tests/LibWeb/Text/expected/wpt-import/css/css-values/attr-security.txt b/Tests/LibWeb/Text/expected/wpt-import/css/css-values/attr-security.txt
index ce8c64b2da4..cd7ce8c3076 100644
--- a/Tests/LibWeb/Text/expected/wpt-import/css/css-values/attr-security.txt
+++ b/Tests/LibWeb/Text/expected/wpt-import/css/css-values/attr-security.txt
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ Harness status: OK
 
 Found 43 tests
 
-28 Pass
-15 Fail
+29 Pass
+14 Fail
 Pass	'--x: image-set(attr(data-foo))' with data-foo="https://does-not-exist.test/404.png"
 Pass	'background-image: image-set(attr(data-foo))' with data-foo="https://does-not-exist.test/404.png"
-Fail	'background-image: image-set("https://does-not-exist.test/404.png")' with data-foo="https://does-not-exist.test/404.png"
+Pass	'background-image: image-set("https://does-not-exist.test/404.png")' with data-foo="https://does-not-exist.test/404.png"
 Pass	'--x: src(attr(data-foo))' with data-foo="https://does-not-exist.test/404.png"
 Fail	'background-image: src(attr(data-foo))' with data-foo="https://does-not-exist.test/404.png"
 Fail	'background-image: src("https://does-not-exist.test/404.png")' with data-foo="https://does-not-exist.test/404.png"
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ Pass	'background-image: image-set(
                 if(style(--some-string): url(https://does-not-exist.test/404.png);))' with data-foo="https://does-not-exist.test/404.png"
 Pass	'background-image: image-set(
                 if(style(--condition-val: attr(data-foo type(*))): url(https://does-not-exist.test/404.png);))' with data-foo="3"
-Pass	'background-image: image-set(
+Fail	'background-image: image-set(
                 if(style(--condition-val: attr(data-foo type(*))): url(https://does-not-exist.test/404.png);
                    style(--true): url(https://does-not-exist.test/404.png);
                    else: url(https://does-not-exist.test/404.png);))' with data-foo="1"
-Fail	'background-image: image-set(if(style(--true): url(https://does-not-exist.test/404.png);
+Pass	'background-image: image-set(if(style(--true): url(https://does-not-exist.test/404.png);
                             style(--condition-val): url(https://does-not-exist.test/404.png);
                             else: url(https://does-not-exist.test/404.png);))' with data-foo="attr(data-foo type(*))"
 Pass	'background-image: image-set(
diff --git a/Tests/LibWeb/Text/expected/wpt-import/css/css-values/random-computed.tentative.txt b/Tests/LibWeb/Text/expected/wpt-import/css/css-values/random-computed.tentative.txt
index cf7dd9e6d3c..33a062ac2eb 100644
--- a/Tests/LibWeb/Text/expected/wpt-import/css/css-values/random-computed.tentative.txt
+++ b/Tests/LibWeb/Text/expected/wpt-import/css/css-values/random-computed.tentative.txt
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ Harness status: OK
 
 Found 150 tests
 
-126 Pass
-24 Fail
+127 Pass
+23 Fail
 Pass	Property scale value 'random(1, 11)'
 Pass	Property scale value 'random(--foo, 2, 12)'
 Pass	Property scale value 'random(--foo element-shared, 3, 13)'
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ Fail	Property color value 'rgb(from blue random(51, 10) random(g + 51, g) random
 Pass	Property color value 'color-mix(in srgb, rgb(random(30, 10) 0 0), rgb(random(21, 10) 0 0))'
 Pass	Property math-depth value 'add(random(30, 10))'
 Fail	Property view-transition-name value 'ident("myident" random(30, 10))'
-Fail	Property background-image value 'image-set(url("http://example.com/image.png") calc(random(fixed 0.3, 0, 10) * 1x))'
+Pass	Property background-image value 'image-set(url("http://example.com/image.png") calc(random(fixed 0.3, 0, 10) * 1x))'
 Pass	Property aspect-ratio value 'random(3, 1) / random(9, 6)'
 Pass	Property filter value 'drop-shadow(random(3px, 1px) random(6px, 1px) random(9px, 1px) black)'
 Pass	Property font-variation-settings value '"wght" random(300, 100)'