BBeOS/docs/phases/PHASE_3_HARDWARE.md

Phase 3: Hardware Support Layer Development

🎯 Objectives

Develop comprehensive hardware support for all BlackBerry Classic (Q20) peripherals including keyboard, display, audio, and connectivity components.

📋 Detailed Tasks

3.1 Device Tree Development

3.1.1 Complete Device Tree for Q20

Full Device Tree Structure:

/ {
    model = "BlackBerry Classic Q20";
    compatible = "blackberry,q20", "qcom,msm8960";
    
    memory {
        device_type = "memory";
        reg = <0x00000000 0x80000000>; // 2GB
    };
    
    chosen {
        stdout-path = "serial0:115200n8";
        bootargs = "console=ttyMSM0,115200n8 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw";
    };
    
    soc {
        // Serial console
        serial@16440000 {
            compatible = "qcom,msm-uartdm";
            reg = <0x16440000 0x1000>;
            interrupts = <0 154 0>;
            clocks = <&gcc 108>, <&gcc 109>;
            clock-names = "core", "iface";
            status = "okay";
        };
        
        // Display controller
        mdp@5100000 {
            compatible = "qcom,mdp5";
            reg = <0x05100000 0x90000>;
            reg-names = "mdp_phys";
            interrupts = <0 75 0>;
            clocks = <&gcc 20>, <&gcc 21>;
            clock-names = "iface", "core";
            status = "okay";
        };
        
        // Audio system
        sound {
            compatible = "qcom,msm8960-snd-card";
            qcom,model = "blackberry-q20-snd-card";
            qcom,audio-routing = "RX_BIAS", "MCLK",
                                "LDO_H", "MCLK";
            qcom,cdc-mclk-gpios = <&pm8941_gpios 15 0>;
        };
        
        // Keyboard controller
        keyboard@78 {
            compatible = "blackberry,q20-keyboard";
            reg = <0x78>;
            interrupts = <0 123 0>;
            gpio-controller;
            #gpio-cells = <2>;
            status = "okay";
        };
        
        // Trackpad
        trackpad@5d {
            compatible = "blackberry,q20-trackpad";
            reg = <0x5d>;
            interrupts = <0 124 0>;
            status = "okay";
        };
        
        // Battery management
        battery {
            compatible = "blackberry,q20-battery";
            voltage-min-design-microvolt = <3200000>;
            voltage-max-design-microvolt = <4200000>;
            energy-full-design-microwatt-hours = <9500000>;
            charge-full-design-microamp-hours = <2515000>;
        };
        
        // Charger
        charger {
            compatible = "blackberry,q20-charger";
            qcom,fast-charge-current = <1000000>;
            qcom,fast-charge-voltage = <4200000>;
        };
    };
};

Development Tasks:

• Create complete device tree source
• Add all peripheral nodes
• Configure clocks and interrupts
• Set up GPIO assignments
• Test device tree compilation

3.1.2 Peripheral-Specific Device Trees

Display Device Tree:

// Display panel
panel@0 {
    compatible = "blackberry,q20-panel";
    reg = <0>;
    
    // Panel specifications
    width-mm = <89>;
    height-mm = <89>;
    
    // Display timing
    display-timings {
        native-mode = <&timing0>;
        
        timing0: timing0 {
            clock-frequency = <72000000>;
            hactive = <720>;
            vactive = <720>;
            hfront-porch = <10>;
            hsync-len = <10>;
            hback-porch = <10>;
            vfront-porch = <10>;
            vsync-len = <10>;
            vback-porch = <10>;
        };
    };
    
    // Backlight
    backlight {
        compatible = "pwm-backlight";
        pwms = <&pwm 0 1000000>;
        brightness-levels = <0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10>;
        default-brightness-level = <10>;
    };
};

Audio Device Tree:

// Audio codec
codec@34 {
    compatible = "blackberry,q20-audio-codec";
    reg = <0x34>;
    
    // Audio routing
    audio-routing = "Speaker", "SPK_OUT",
                   "Headphone", "HP_OUT",
                   "Microphone", "MIC_IN";
    
    // Volume controls
    volume-controls {
        speaker-volume = <0 100>;
        headphone-volume = <0 100>;
        microphone-gain = <0 30>;
    };
};

3.2 Input Device Drivers

3.2.1 Keyboard Driver Development

Keyboard Hardware Analysis:

• Controller: Likely I2C-based (address 0x78)
• Matrix: 35+ keys in matrix configuration
• Backlight: LED backlight with PWM control
• Interface: I2C with interrupt support

Driver Implementation:

// Keyboard driver structure
struct q20_keyboard {
    struct i2c_client *client;
    struct input_dev *input;
    struct work_struct work;
    struct timer_list timer;
    spinlock_t lock;
    
    // Key state
    u8 key_states[KEY_MATRIX_SIZE];
    u8 prev_states[KEY_MATRIX_SIZE];
    
    // Backlight
    struct pwm_device *backlight_pwm;
    u8 backlight_level;
    
    // Configuration
    struct q20_keyboard_platform_data *pdata;
};

// Key mapping
static const unsigned short q20_keymap[] = {
    KEY_Q, KEY_W, KEY_E, KEY_R, KEY_T, KEY_Y, KEY_U, KEY_I, KEY_O, KEY_P,
    KEY_A, KEY_S, KEY_D, KEY_F, KEY_G, KEY_H, KEY_J, KEY_K, KEY_L,
    KEY_Z, KEY_X, KEY_C, KEY_V, KEY_B, KEY_N, KEY_M,
    KEY_ENTER, KEY_BACKSPACE, KEY_SPACE, KEY_LEFTSHIFT,
    KEY_MENU, KEY_BACK, KEY_CALL, KEY_END
};

// Driver probe function
static int q20_keyboard_probe(struct i2c_client *client)
{
    struct q20_keyboard *keyboard;
    struct input_dev *input;
    int error;
    
    // Allocate structures
    keyboard = devm_kzalloc(&client->dev, sizeof(*keyboard), GFP_KERNEL);
    input = devm_input_allocate_device(&client->dev);
    
    // Initialize keyboard
    keyboard->client = client;
    keyboard->input = input;
    
    // Set up input device
    input->name = "BlackBerry Q20 Keyboard";
    input->phys = "q20-keyboard/input0";
    input->id.bustype = BUS_I2C;
    input->id.vendor = 0x0001;
    input->id.product = 0x0001;
    input->id.version = 0x0100;
    
    // Set keycodes
    input->keycode = q20_keymap;
    input->keycodesize = sizeof(q20_keymap[0]);
    input->keycodemax = ARRAY_SIZE(q20_keymap);
    
    // Set up event types
    __set_bit(EV_KEY, input->evbit);
    __set_bit(EV_REP, input->evbit);
    
    // Register input device
    error = input_register_device(input);
    if (error)
        return error;
    
    // Set up interrupt handler
    error = devm_request_threaded_irq(&client->dev, client->irq,
                                    NULL, q20_keyboard_irq,
                                    IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING | IRQF_ONESHOT,
                                    "q20-keyboard", keyboard);
    
    return 0;
}

Development Tasks:

• Analyze keyboard hardware interface
• Implement I2C communication
• Create key matrix scanning
• Add backlight control
• Implement interrupt handling

3.2.2 Trackpad Driver Development

Trackpad Hardware Analysis:

• Sensor: Optical or capacitive sensor
• Interface: I2C or SPI communication
• Resolution: High precision for trackpad use
• Buttons: Integrated left/right click

Driver Implementation:

// Trackpad driver structure
struct q20_trackpad {
    struct i2c_client *client;
    struct input_dev *input;
    struct work_struct work;
    
    // Trackpad state
    int x, y;
    int prev_x, prev_y;
    u8 button_state;
    u8 prev_button_state;
    
    // Configuration
    int sensitivity;
    int acceleration;
    bool relative_mode;
};

// Trackpad event handling
static void q20_trackpad_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
    struct q20_trackpad *trackpad = container_of(work, struct q20_trackpad, work);
    struct input_dev *input = trackpad->input;
    int dx, dy;
    
    // Read trackpad data
    q20_trackpad_read_data(trackpad);
    
    // Calculate movement
    dx = trackpad->x - trackpad->prev_x;
    dy = trackpad->y - trackpad->prev_y;
    
    // Apply sensitivity and acceleration
    dx = dx * trackpad->sensitivity / 100;
    dy = dy * trackpad->sensitivity / 100;
    
    // Report movement
    if (dx != 0 || dy != 0) {
        input_report_rel(input, REL_X, dx);
        input_report_rel(input, REL_Y, dy);
    }
    
    // Report button state
    if (trackpad->button_state != trackpad->prev_button_state) {
        input_report_key(input, BTN_LEFT, trackpad->button_state & 0x01);
        input_report_key(input, BTN_RIGHT, trackpad->button_state & 0x02);
    }
    
    input_sync(input);
    
    // Update previous state
    trackpad->prev_x = trackpad->x;
    trackpad->prev_y = trackpad->y;
    trackpad->prev_button_state = trackpad->button_state;
}

Development Tasks:

• Identify trackpad sensor type
• Implement sensor communication
• Create movement calculation
• Add button support
• Configure sensitivity settings

3.3 Display and Graphics

3.3.1 Display Driver Development

Display Hardware Analysis:

• Panel: 3.5" IPS LCD, 720x720 resolution
• Interface: MIPI DSI
• Controller: Qualcomm MDP5
• Backlight: PWM-controlled LED

Driver Implementation:

// Display driver structure
struct q20_display {
    struct drm_device *drm;
    struct drm_connector connector;
    struct drm_encoder encoder;
    struct drm_crtc crtc;
    struct drm_plane primary_plane;
    
    // Hardware resources
    void __iomem *regs;
    struct clk *pixel_clk;
    struct clk *byte_clk;
    struct regulator *vdd;
    
    // Panel configuration
    struct drm_display_mode *mode;
    u32 width, height;
    u32 refresh_rate;
};

// Display mode configuration
static const struct drm_display_mode q20_mode = {
    DRM_MODE("720x720", DRM_MODE_TYPE_DRIVER, 72000000, 720, 730, 740, 750, 0,
             720, 730, 740, 750, 0, DRM_MODE_FLAG_PHSYNC | DRM_MODE_FLAG_PVSYNC)
};

// Connector functions
static int q20_connector_get_modes(struct drm_connector *connector)
{
    struct drm_display_mode *mode;
    
    mode = drm_mode_duplicate(connector->dev, &q20_mode);
    if (!mode)
        return 0;
    
    drm_mode_probed_add(connector, mode);
    return 1;
}

static const struct drm_connector_helper_funcs q20_connector_helper_funcs = {
    .get_modes = q20_connector_get_modes,
};

static const struct drm_connector_funcs q20_connector_funcs = {
    .reset = drm_atomic_helper_connector_reset,
    .fill_modes = drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes,
    .destroy = drm_connector_cleanup,
    .atomic_duplicate_state = drm_atomic_helper_connector_duplicate_state,
    .atomic_destroy_state = drm_atomic_helper_connector_destroy_state,
};

Development Tasks:

• Configure MIPI DSI interface
• Set up MDP5 display controller
• Implement DRM driver
• Add backlight control
• Test display functionality

3.3.2 Graphics Acceleration

GPU Support Options:

1. Software Rendering: CPU-based rendering
2. Framebuffer: Direct framebuffer access
3. Open Source GPU Driver: Reverse engineered Adreno driver
4. Proprietary Blob: Qualcomm binary driver

Implementation Strategy:

// Framebuffer driver
struct q20_fb_info {
    struct fb_info *fb;
    void __iomem *fb_base;
    dma_addr_t fb_dma;
    size_t fb_size;
    
    // Display parameters
    u32 width, height;
    u32 bpp;
    u32 stride;
    
    // Hardware resources
    struct clk *pixel_clk;
    struct regulator *vdd;
};

// Framebuffer operations
static int q20_fb_setcolreg(unsigned regno, unsigned red, unsigned green,
                           unsigned blue, unsigned transp, struct fb_info *info)
{
    struct q20_fb_info *q20_fb = info->par;
    u32 color;
    
    if (regno >= 256)
        return -EINVAL;
    
    color = ((red & 0xff) << 16) | ((green & 0xff) << 8) | (blue & 0xff);
    q20_fb->fb_base[regno] = color;
    
    return 0;
}

static int q20_fb_blank(int blank, struct fb_info *info)
{
    struct q20_fb_info *q20_fb = info->par;
    
    switch (blank) {
    case FB_BLANK_UNBLANK:
        clk_prepare_enable(q20_fb->pixel_clk);
        regulator_enable(q20_fb->vdd);
        break;
    case FB_BLANK_POWERDOWN:
        regulator_disable(q20_fb->vdd);
        clk_disable_unprepare(q20_fb->pixel_clk);
        break;
    }
    
    return 0;
}

3.4 Audio System

3.4.1 Audio Driver Development

Audio Hardware Analysis:

• Codec: Qualcomm WCD9310 or similar
• Interface: I2S/SLIMbus
• Speakers: Mono speaker output
• Headphones: 3.5mm jack
• Microphone: Built-in microphone

Driver Implementation:

// Audio driver structure
struct q20_audio {
    struct snd_soc_card *card;
    struct snd_soc_codec *codec;
    struct snd_soc_dai *dai;
    
    // Hardware resources
    struct clk *mclk;
    struct regulator *vdd;
    struct gpio_desc *reset_gpio;
    
    // Audio configuration
    int sample_rate;
    int channels;
    int format;
};

// Audio routing
static const struct snd_kcontrol_new q20_audio_controls[] = {
    SOC_DAPM_PIN_SWITCH("Speaker"),
    SOC_DAPM_PIN_SWITCH("Headphone"),
    SOC_DAPM_PIN_SWITCH("Microphone"),
};

static const struct snd_soc_dapm_widget q20_audio_widgets[] = {
    SND_SOC_DAPM_SPK("Speaker", NULL),
    SND_SOC_DAPM_HP("Headphone", NULL),
    SND_SOC_DAPM_MIC("Microphone", NULL),
};

static const struct snd_soc_dapm_route q20_audio_routes[] = {
    {"Speaker", NULL, "SPK_OUT"},
    {"Headphone", NULL, "HP_OUT"},
    {"MIC_IN", NULL, "Microphone"},
};

// Audio operations
static int q20_audio_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                              struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params)
{
    struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd = substream->private_data;
    struct snd_soc_dai *dai = rtd->codec_dai;
    int ret;
    
    ret = snd_soc_dai_set_fmt(dai, SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S |
                                    SND_SOC_DAIFMT_NB_NF |
                                    SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBS_CFS);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;
    
    ret = snd_soc_dai_set_sysclk(dai, 0, 12288000, SND_SOC_CLOCK_IN);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;
    
    return 0;
}

Development Tasks:

• Configure audio codec
• Set up I2S/SLIMbus interface
• Implement ALSA driver
• Add volume controls
• Test audio functionality

3.5 Power Management

3.5.1 Battery Management

Battery Hardware Analysis:

• Capacity: 2515mAh
• Chemistry: Lithium-ion
• Interface: I2C communication
• Charging: USB and external charger

Driver Implementation:

// Battery driver structure
struct q20_battery {
    struct power_supply *psy;
    struct i2c_client *client;
    struct work_struct work;
    struct timer_list timer;
    
    // Battery state
    int voltage;
    int current;
    int capacity;
    int temperature;
    int status;
    
    // Configuration
    int full_charge_capacity;
    int design_capacity;
    int voltage_min;
    int voltage_max;
};

// Battery operations
static int q20_battery_get_property(struct power_supply *psy,
                                   enum power_supply_property psp,
                                   union power_supply_propval *val)
{
    struct q20_battery *battery = power_supply_get_drvdata(psy);
    
    switch (psp) {
    case POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_VOLTAGE_NOW:
        val->intval = battery->voltage * 1000; // Convert to microvolts
        break;
    case POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CURRENT_NOW:
        val->intval = battery->current * 1000; // Convert to microamps
        break;
    case POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CAPACITY:
        val->intval = battery->capacity;
        break;
    case POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TEMP:
        val->intval = battery->temperature * 10; // Convert to deci-celsius
        break;
    case POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_STATUS:
        val->intval = battery->status;
        break;
    default:
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    
    return 0;
}

3.5.2 Charger Management

Charger Hardware Analysis:

• Type: USB and external charger
• Interface: I2C communication
• Protection: Over-voltage, over-current
• Indication: LED indicators

Development Tasks:

• Implement battery monitoring
• Add charger detection
• Configure power management
• Set up thermal protection
• Test charging functionality

3.6 Connectivity

3.6.1 Wi-Fi Driver

Wi-Fi Hardware Analysis:

• Chipset: Likely Qualcomm/Atheros
• Interface: SDIO or PCIe
• Firmware: Proprietary binary blob
• Standards: 802.11n

Development Tasks:

• Identify Wi-Fi chipset
• Extract firmware blobs
• Implement SDIO/PCIe driver
• Configure network interface
• Test Wi-Fi functionality

3.6.2 Bluetooth Driver

Bluetooth Hardware Analysis:

• Chipset: Qualcomm WCN3660 or similar
• Interface: UART or USB
• Firmware: Proprietary binary blob
• Standards: Bluetooth 4.0

Development Tasks:

• Identify Bluetooth chipset
• Extract firmware blobs
• Implement UART/USB driver
• Configure Bluetooth stack
• Test Bluetooth functionality

📊 Deliverables

3.7 Complete Hardware Support

Requirements:

• All peripherals functional
• Device drivers loaded
• Hardware interfaces working
• Performance optimized
• Power management active

3.8 Driver Documentation

Content:

• Driver architecture overview
• Hardware interface specifications
• Configuration parameters
• Troubleshooting guide
• Performance characteristics

3.9 Testing Framework

Components:

• Hardware test suite
• Driver validation tools
• Performance benchmarks
• Stress testing utilities
• Automated test scripts

⏱️ Timeline

Week 1-2: Device tree development Week 3-4: Input device drivers Week 5-6: Display and graphics Week 7-8: Audio system Week 9-10: Power management Week 11-12: Connectivity drivers

Total Duration: 12 weeks (3 months)

🎯 Success Criteria

Phase 3 is successful when:

1. All hardware peripherals are functional
2. Device drivers are stable and optimized
3. Performance meets requirements
4. Power management is efficient
5. Hardware interfaces are documented

🚨 Risk Mitigation

High-Risk Scenarios:

• Proprietary firmware required → Extract and analyze blobs
• Hardware documentation missing → Reverse engineer interfaces
• Driver compatibility issues → Develop compatibility layers
• Performance problems → Optimize and profile drivers
• Power consumption issues → Implement power management